ionic activity coefficient

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• Activity coefficient — An activity coefficient [ [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/A00116.pdf Gold Book definition] ] is a factor used in thermodynamics to account for deviations from ideal behaviour in a mixture of chemical substances. In an ideal mixture the… …   Wikipedia

• Activity (chemistry) — In chemical thermodynamics, activity (symbol a) is a measure of the “effective concentration” of a species in a mixture, meaning that the species chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depend… …   Wikipedia

• Total ionic strength adjustment buffer — A Total Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffer ( TISAB ) is a buffer solution which increases the ionic strength of a solution to a relatively high level. This is important for potentiometric measurements, including ion selective electrodes, because… …   Wikipedia

• Osmotic coefficient — An osmotic coefficient φ is a quantity which characterises the deviation of a solvent from ideal behaviour, referenced to Raoult s law. The osmotic coefficient on a molality basis is defined by:[1] and on an amount fraction basis by: where is the …   Wikipedia

• Water activity — or aw is a measurement of the energy status of the water in a system. It is defined as the vapor pressure of water above a sample divided by that of pure water at the same temperature; therefore, pure distilled water has a water activity of… …   Wikipedia

• Partition coefficient — In chemistry and the pharmaceutical sciences, a partition (P) or distribution coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in the two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium.[1] The terms gas/liquid partition …   Wikipedia

• Debye-Hückel equation — The Debye Hückel limiting law, named for its developers Peter Debye and Erich Hückel, provides one way to obtain activity coefficients Ref|Harris. Activities, rather than concentrations, are needed in many chemical calculations because solutions… …   Wikipedia

• Debye–Hückel equation — The Debye–Hückel equation and Debye–Hückel limiting law, were derived by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel, who developed a theory with which to calculate activity coefficients of electrolyte solutions.[1] Activities, rather than concentrations, are… …   Wikipedia

• liquid — liquidly, adv. liquidness, n. /lik wid/, adj. 1. composed of molecules that move freely among themselves but do not tend to separate like those of gases; neither gaseous nor solid. 2. of, pertaining to, or consisting of liquids: a liquid diet. 3 …   Universalium

• Chemical equilibrium — In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which the concentrations of the reactants and products have not yet changed with time. It occurs only in reversible reactions, and not in irreversible reactions. Usually, this state… …   Wikipedia

• Debye–Hückel theory — The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes.[1] It was based on an extremely simplified model of the electrolyte solution but… …   Wikipedia